解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The effect of melatonin on potassium cyanide-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in vivo. The ED50 value of potassium cyanide, as measured by induction of tonic and clonic seizures, was significantly increased by 1.5- or 1.8-fold by s.c. preinjection of melatonin (20, 100 or 345 mg/kg) in mice. The preventive effec...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(96)03671-5
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rat bioassay has been developed to provide an objective approach for the identification and classification of upper and lower respiratory tract irritants, with particular emphasis on the concentration-dependent induction and regression of lesions characteristic of asthma, such as persisting non-specific airway hyper...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(96)03688-0
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small molecular weight chemicals may irritate tissues via the induction of the production of various proinflammatory and chemotactic molecules. The structure of these irritants is heterogenous, as is the pattern of their effects. Chemicals are potentially allergenic (i.e. haptens) when they are able to bind proteins s...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(96)03676-4
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to evaluate the possibility that the metabolism of pyridine may be important for its toxic actions, pyridine was compared with pyridine N-oxide, 2-hydroxypyridine, 3-hydroxypyridine, 4-hydroxypyridine and pyridinium methyliodide in rats given equal molar doses of the chemicals i.p. Hepatoxicity was assessed b...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(96)03660-0
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mercury(II) ions are known to accumulate in the kidney and their effect upon the renin-angiotensin system has also been described. The question, however, whether mercury(II) also exerts direct effect on the juxtaglomerular cells (JGC) to induce renin release remained to be answered. Suspension of isolated glomeruli wa...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(96)03637-5
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein S-glutathionation has been demonstrated to be one of the cellular responses under oxidative stress and may be involved in many cellular metabolisms. In this study, the effect of redox cycling bipyridylium compounds, paraquat and diquat, on this protein modification was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats we...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03621-0
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transgenic rodents that contain easily retrievable target genes allow the rapid quantitation of mutations in any tissue from which DNA can be isolated. We are using the Stratagene Big Blue transgenic mouse system that contains a lacI target and an alpha lacZ reporter gene to study the parameters that affect mutations....
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03472-2
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To help minimize errors and confusion in the scientific literature, a few principles can be followed. The original intent and hypothesis of each study should be made clear, and deviations from the initial purpose should be stated. The hypothesis-testing portions of the research need to be clearly differentiated from t...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03554-0
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Voltage-activated sodium channels and GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex are among the most important target sites of various environmental neurotoxicants. Pyrethroids keep the sodium channels open for prolonged periods of time leading to hyperexcitation of the entire nervous system. In rat cerebellar Purkinje ne...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03482-x
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exercising volunteers exposed in chambers to as little as 80 ppb O3 for several hours exhibit impaired lung function and irritative lower airway symptoms. Comparable changes occur among children and young adults exposed to summer smog containing O3. Intensity of the response is reproducible but varies widely among ind...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03565-6
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major public health concern is the degree to which environmental or occupational exposures to exogenous chemicals result in adverse health effects. Biological markers have the potential for helping to answer this important question by providing links between markers of exposures and markers of early stages of the de...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03569-9
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the past 10 years we have focused on the development of antisense treatments against viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). We have demonstrated that phosphorothioate oligomers have in vitro anti-HIV activities and in vivo anti-HBV activity. In vitro anti-HIV activ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03574-5
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The skin is an immunologically active tissue. Epidermal cells, both keratinocytes and Langerhans cells (LC), produce constitutively or can be stimulated to produce a variety of cytokines, many of which play important roles in the induction and regulation of allergic responses to sensitizing chemicals. Tumor necrosis f...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03497-8
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The U.S. EPA first signalled its intention to use benchmark dose risk techniques in 1991. Subsequently, publication of draft Guidelines for the Risk Assessment of Reproductive Toxicity data indicated the Agency's intention for wide use of the technique. In developmental toxicity experiments, a number of factors need t...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03584-2
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent hypothesis suggesting a role for environmental toxins in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders has stimulated interest in research on xenobiotic metabolizing capability of the brain. In addition to possible irreversible loss of neurons through bioactivation in situ in the nervous tissue, the metabolis...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03508-7
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The disposition of methanol and its putative toxic metabolite formate has been studied in humans, non-human primates, and rodents after exposure to high, neurotoxic doses. The rate at which rodents detoxify formate is more rapid than that of primates. Formate, an endogenous biological substrate, is detoxified by metab...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03515-x
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular epidemiologic research involves the identification of relations between previous exposure to some putative causative agent and subsequent biological effects in a cluster of individuals in populations. There is intensive current research in the field of molecular epidemiology, and this research has a direct i...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03594-x
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The widespread use of insecticides has amounted to a large scale 'experiment' in natural selection of insects by chemicals of toxicological importance to humans. Specific examples in which the molecular basis of insecticide resistance has been studied in detail are presented here. The biochemical/physiological mechani...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03470-6
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uncertainty in risk assessment can be reduced by increasing the use of relevant data specific to the particular xenobiotic and exposed organism. We describe the development of a preliminary, mechanism-based exposure response model for chloroform hepatotoxicity consistig of toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) sub...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03528-1
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinoic acid, an oxidative metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in the control of many biological processes including embryonic development and excess as well as deficiency of retinoids has been found to be teratogenic. The effects of retinoids in normal as well as abnormal development may be mediated by two members ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03624-5
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allyl alcohol-induced LDH leakage from isolated rat hepatocytes was preceded by a decrease in rhodmine 123 retention, signifying a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) prevented the drop in membrane potential and completely prevented cell killing by allyl alcohol. In contrast, cyc...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03426-9
更新日期:1995-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Since guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), a precursor of creatine, is synthesized mainly in the proximal tubule of the kidney where gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity often occurs, GM-induced renal cell damage was investigated using GAA synthesis in tubular suspension as an indicator. Results obtained were as follows: (1) GAA syn...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03411-0
更新日期:1995-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is a complete hepatocarcinogen and tumor promoter in the male B6C3F1 mouse. Published reports indicate that the compound is non-genotoxic. This study examines possible non-genotoxic (epigenetic) mechanisms by which DCA elicits its carcinogenic response. Correlative biochemical, pathologic and...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03409-9
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two groups of C57BL/6J mice received a single oral dose of 1 nmol/kg 2,3,7,8-[3H]tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) alone or in combination with 300 mumol/kg 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HxCB). The disposition of TCDD in liver, fat, skin, spleen, lung and blood was studied at days 3, 7, 13 and 34 after dosage. H...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03387-z
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of 3 weeks' or 6 months' inhalation exposure of rats to aromatic white spirit 6 h/day, 5 days/week at 0, 400, or 800 ppm were studied. Synaptosomal neurochemistry was investigated as index of the in situ conditions in the presynaptic nerve terminal. In both studies, the relative and absolute yield of synap...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03325-f
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the multitude of new chemicals being synthesized and the paucity of long-term test data on chemicals that could be introduced into the environment, innovative approaches must be developed to determine the health and environmental effects of chemicals. Research was conducted to employ quantitative structure-activi...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03365-r
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the field of aquatic toxicology, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) have developed as scientifically credible tools for predicting the toxicity of chemicals when little or no empirical data are available. A fundamental understanding of toxicological principles has been considered an important com...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03374-t
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The proceedings in this volume suggest several important future research needs. Research is needed to validate modeling in toxicology in order to support the use of the general approach of modeling, either for structure-activity relationships (SAR) or physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK), by regulators. Resea...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03382-u
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of intra- and extracellular calcium in the activation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) to produce reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) were studied by using soluble, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or particulate stimuli, quartz or chrysotile. A calciu...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03255-j
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenathrene is a major coal tar component found in hazardous waste disposal sites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which phenanthrene adsorption to either of 2 different soils affects the manner in which phenanthrene is subsequently handled in orally and dermally exposed adult female rats. Abso...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03250-o
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using equimolar quantities of 2 chemical allergens, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), noted for its ability to cause respiratory hypersensitivity, and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), noted for its dermal sensitizing activity, the mouse was evaluated as a possible model to indicate respiratory hypersensitivity. A previously pub...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)03234-x
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Styrene oxide, a metabolite of styrene, reacts with many centres in nucleosides but in DNA N-7-, N2- and O6-guanine are the main sites. A 32P-postlabelling method was developed for the detection of O6-styrene oxide DNA adducts from white blood cells. The method involved use of nuclease P1 and magnet transfer. The O6 a...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03285-1
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::After toxicological studies with nitrate/nitrite in rats it was observed with nuclear magnetic resonance that N-methylnicotinamide (NMN), a metabolite of tryptophan was increased. The use of NMN as a biomarker for nitrate/nitrite exposure was investigated further in additional experiments with rats and in a human stud...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03306-8
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous chemicals released into the environment by man are able to disrupt the functioning of the endocrine system by binding to estrogen receptors in estrogen-responsive cells. The ability of o,p'-dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) and methoxychlor to compete with estradiol for binding to estrogen receptors in M...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03316-5
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions of chemicals with cerebral neurotransmitters, receptors, and second messenger systems are often accompanied by similar changes involving components in non-neural tissues. On this basis, indirect strategies have been developed to investigate neural cell function parameters by methods using accessible cells...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03273-8
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study evaluated the proconvulsant liability of biapenem, a novel carbapenem antibiotic, in in vitro and in vivo experiments, in comparison with the carbapenems, imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem. Imipenem/cilastatin is a carbapenem antibiotic with known proconvulsive liability in man and in animal experime...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)80008-2
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chromosome damage induced by carboplatin (CBDCA) was evaluated in vitro. In human lymphocytes 5 micrograms/ml CBDCA produced a 7-fold increase in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and a 3-fold increase in the number of cells with structural abnormalities compared with the control. Likewise, at this...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)03202-i
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Norepinephrine-induced contractility and relaxation to acetylcholine of isolated aortas taken from normal and chronic alcoholic rats were measured. Similar experiments were performed adding serum from normal (NS) or alcoholic rats (AS), with or without norepinephrine and acetylcholine. Responses of normal and alcoholi...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)03180-0
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of methamphetamine cotreatment on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity was examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Concurrent administration of methamphetamine was found to greatly increase the extent of liver injury resulting from carbon tetrachloride treatment, as indicated both by measurement of ser...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)03197-5
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of methyl mercury chloride (MeHgCl) on the chick sympathetic and sensory dorsal root ganglia was studied in a biological in vitro assay. These cultures were not affected by the addition of MeHg up to a concentration of 2 microM. However, after an addition of 4-5 microM MeHg the capability of the neurons to ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)03176-8
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00